This is a simple 3-phase Inverter using Arduino to convert 12V DC into 380V AC.
Output waveform is square wave and maximum power depends on the size of the transformers and MOSFETs.
If
you want to use Arduino UNO instead of Arduino MEGA, you have to
connect the pin A4 of the Arduino UNO to SDA of the LCD and pin A5 of
the Arduino UNO to SCL of the LCD, Rest of the wiring and even the code
remains the same!
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>
// LCD
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Adjust I2C address if needed
// Phase pins
const int phaseA = 2;
const int phaseB = 3;
const int phaseC = 4;
const int phaseA_inv = 5;
const int phaseB_inv = 6;
const int phaseC_inv = 7;
// Buttons (Active HIGH)
const int btnForward = 8;
const int btnReverse = 9;
const int btnStop = 10;
// Battery sensing
const int battPin = A0;
const float battDividerRatio = 10;
const float lowCutOff = 10.5;
const float restoreVoltage = 11.0;
// State variables
volatile bool inverterOn = false;
volatile bool reverseMode = false;
// Debounce tracking
bool lastForwardState = LOW;
bool lastReverseState = LOW;
bool lastStopState = LOW;
unsigned long lastDebounceForward = 0;
unsigned long lastDebounceReverse = 0;
unsigned long lastDebounceStop = 0;
const unsigned long debounceDelay = 200;
// Phase control
volatile int phaseStep = 0;
// Correct symmetrical 6-step sequence
bool seqForward[6][3] = {
{1,0,0}, // Step 1
{1,1,0}, // Step 2
{0,1,0}, // Step 3
{0,1,1}, // Step 4
{0,0,1}, // Step 5
{1,0,1} // Step 6
};
void setup() {
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(phaseA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(phaseB, OUTPUT);
pinMode(phaseC, OUTPUT);
pinMode(phaseA_inv, OUTPUT);
pinMode(phaseB_inv, OUTPUT);
pinMode(phaseC_inv, OUTPUT);
pinMode(btnForward, INPUT); // Active HIGH (use pull-down resistors)
pinMode(btnReverse, INPUT);
pinMode(btnStop, INPUT);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("System Init...");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
// Timer1 for 50Hz
Timer1.initialize(3333); // 300Hz steps = 50Hz fundamental
Timer1.attachInterrupt(stepPhases);
}
void loop() {
float battVoltage = readBatteryVoltage();
// Display battery voltage
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Battery:");
lcd.print(battVoltage, 2);
lcd.print(" V ");
// Low battery cutoff
if (battVoltage < lowCutOff) {
inverterOn = false;
}
// --- Forward Button ---
bool currentForward = digitalRead(btnForward);
if (currentForward == HIGH && lastForwardState == LOW && (millis() - lastDebounceForward > debounceDelay)) {
inverterOn = true;
reverseMode = false;
lastDebounceForward = millis();
}
lastForwardState = currentForward;
// --- Reverse Button ---
bool currentReverse = digitalRead(btnReverse);
if (currentReverse == HIGH && lastReverseState == LOW && (millis() - lastDebounceReverse > debounceDelay)) {
inverterOn = true;
reverseMode = true;
lastDebounceReverse = millis();
}
lastReverseState = currentReverse;
// --- Stop Button ---
bool currentStop = digitalRead(btnStop);
if (currentStop == HIGH && lastStopState == LOW && (millis() - lastDebounceStop > debounceDelay)) {
inverterOn = false;
lastDebounceStop = millis();
}
lastStopState = currentStop;
// Status display
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
if (battVoltage < lowCutOff) {
lcd.print("Battery is LOW ");
} else {
if (!inverterOn) {
lcd.print("Motor Stopped ");
} else {
if (reverseMode) lcd.print("Reverse ");
else lcd.print("Forward ");
}
}
}
// Averaged battery voltage reading
float readBatteryVoltage() {
long sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
sum += analogRead(battPin);
delay(2); // small delay between readings
}
float adcValue = sum / 10.0;
return (adcValue * 5.0 / 1023.0) * battDividerRatio;
}
// Timer1 ISR for phases
void stepPhases() {
if (!inverterOn) {
// All outputs off
digitalWrite(phaseA, LOW);
digitalWrite(phaseB, LOW);
digitalWrite(phaseC, LOW);
digitalWrite(phaseA_inv, LOW);
digitalWrite(phaseB_inv, LOW);
digitalWrite(phaseC_inv, LOW);
return;
}
bool A = seqForward[phaseStep][0];
bool B = seqForward[phaseStep][1];
bool C = seqForward[phaseStep][2];
digitalWrite(phaseA, A);
digitalWrite(phaseB, B);
digitalWrite(phaseC, C);
digitalWrite(phaseA_inv, !A);
digitalWrite(phaseB_inv, !B);
digitalWrite(phaseC_inv, !C);
if (reverseMode) {
phaseStep--;
if (phaseStep < 0) phaseStep = 5;
} else {
phaseStep++;
if (phaseStep > 5) phaseStep = 0;
}
}
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